浅议先秦两汉时期早期戏剧的巫傩形态

On the Styles of Witchcraft and Festival Celebration in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties

巫与巫术是中国戏剧的源头活水。从巫舞、雩祭、蜡祭、尸祭中的角色扮演,到秦汉宫庭傩礼的世俗化、娱人化演变,直至傩戏的产生,这些具有相关戏剧要素的早期戏剧的巫傩形态,虽不是真正意义上的戏剧,但它们经过不断地发展和演变,最终促成了中国戏剧的诞生。从而验证了中国戏剧和西方戏剧一样,起源于原始的宗教祭祀。

Witches and Witchcraft were the sources of Chinese opera. From the role-plays in witch dancing, in sacrifices for rain and for the eighth day of the 12th lunar month, in funeral rite, in the ancient festivals to exorcize the devil causing any plague celebrated only in palaces of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, to the later operas which rehearsed the festivals and entertained the common people, all of these contained factors of early opera. Their development and evolution gave the birth to Chinese opera. All this proves that both Chinese opera and operas in the West are originated from primitive religious rituals.