元代新安经学与明初官修“大全”之取材

Xin'an Study of Confucian Classics and "Four Books Encyclopaedia" "Five Classics Encyclopedia"

明初官修《四书大全》、《五经大全》多取材元代新安经学,这是一个值得注意的现象。新安经学家多为终身未仕的乡先生,其经学影响范围实属有限,但却因《元史》的纂修确立了学术地图上的位置。"大全"纂修者之所以取材新安经学,是青睐其以朱熹为指归、又纂辑群言为参考的"附录纂疏"体例。汉唐经学发展到编纂《五经正义》形成了凝固化困局,宋儒"疑经"则是对其破解。朱熹宗师地位确立后,其后学亦步亦趋对其维护,新的凝固化趋势开始出现。新安经学的"附录纂疏"之学是朱熹经学凝固化的表现,而"大全"的修纂使朱熹经学的凝固化成为定局。

＂Four Books Encyclopaedia＂ and ＂Five Classics Encyclopedia＂, edited by the government in Ming Dynasty , draw materials mostly from Xin＇an Study of Confucian classics. This phenomenon deserves more attention. Most of Xin＇an Confusian Scholars were teachers that were never appointed by the government and had limited influence on the study of Confucian classics. However, they enjoyed a solid position in the academic circle due to the distorted editing of ＂History of Yuan＂. The fundamental reason for the preference of ＂Encyclopaedias＂ for Xin＇an lies in the application of ＂Appendix of Code Hydrohobic＂, which follow the paradigm of Zhu Xi and also collects other Confucian Scholars＇ opinions as references, and thus naturally can be used as references for the Imperial Examination. It is not difficult to understand why Encyclopaedias have drown materials from them. The development of Study of Confucian classics in Hart and Tang Dynastes becomes much solidified when the ＂Five Classics Encyclopedia＂ appeared, and this predicament was resolved by the questioning of Confucian classics by Confusian Scholar in the Song Dynasty. When Zhu Xi had established his status as a master of the study of Confucian classics, the followers sticked to his ideas . The ＂Appendix of Code Hydrohobic＂ can be seen as a solidification of Zhu Xi＇s study of Congfucian classics, which was further enhanced by the codification of the ＂Encyclopaedias＂.