地流体、封隔体和含油气系统与油气运移的关系

RELATIONSHIP OF GEOFLUID, COMPARTMENT AND PETROLEUM SYSTEM WITH HYDROCARBONS MIGRATION

地流体、封隔体和含油气系统理论是 3个与油气运移密切相关的前缘地质科学理论。油气运移是盆地内的地流体活动 ,它贯穿整个油气的生成、运移、聚集和散失过程 ,直接控制着油气藏的形成 ,同时还要受盆地外地流体的影响。封隔体是盆地演化过程中地层非均匀性、不平衡压实和不均一成岩的必然产物 ;封隔体具有封闭的水动力系统 ,与外部隔绝或有限连通 ,而其内部则是相互连通 ,因此 ,它既是油气的运聚单元也是油气的勘探单元。含油气系统实际上就是一个含烃流体系统 ,油气的运移和聚集控制了含油气系统的时空范围 。

Geofluid, compartment and petroleum system are three frontier geoscience concepts in close relationship with hydrocarbons migration. Geofluid includes all of the fluid which passes through underground rocks. In fact, it is the crustal fluidization. Hydrocarbons migration belongs to fluid activity in the sedimentary basins and is affected by the fluids outside sedimentary basin. Therefore, it is necessary to re evaluate some important theoretic problems of petroleum geology, such as inorganic origin, hot water migration of hydrocarbons. Compartment means abnormal fluid pressure compartment and is the inevitable product in the evolutionary process of sedimentary basin due to the heterogeneous strata, unbalanced compaction and heterogeneous lithogenesis. The compartment is a sealed hydrodynamic system which is isolated or limitedly connected with the outside and communicated inside. Actually the petroleum system is a hydrocarbon fluid system. Hydrocarbons migration and accumulation control the time space range of a petroleum system. The research purpose of petroleum system is to evaluate the extent of rich in hydrocarbons. Therefore, the key of research is the preservation conditions of petroleum system. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods of preservation conditions of petroleum system are reasonable.