基于农户模型的粮食补贴作用机理及效应分析——兼论“直补”模式的弊端

Analysis of the Mechanism of Grain Subsidy and Its Effect Based on Farmers'Household Model——Concurrently Discussing the Drawbacks of Straight Fill Mode

目前我国粮食补贴制度以直补模式为主导,具有"普惠制"特征。通过构建农户粮作经营模型并进行比较静态分析表明,当前综合性收入补贴对农户粮食生产促进作用甚小,而生产性专项补贴和粮食价格支持则有较强的促进作用。我国粮食生产形势尚未到达以收入补贴为主的阶段,粮食补贴应定位于生产目标而非收入目标。相应地,粮食补贴应以生产性补贴为主,且补贴目标应瞄准粮食生产户,补贴方式应与农户生产决策挂钩,补贴资金的配置应逐步向种粮大户倾斜,以适应粮食生产规模化的发展形势。

At present the grain subsidy policy in China is GSP for it takes the form of direct pay.Through comparatively static analysis of farmer model this paper demonstrates that the general income subsidy can hardly promote grain production,the productive special allowance and grain price instead.China＇s grain production situation has not reached the stage in which grain subsidy should take the form of income support,so grain subsidy should locate in grain production rather than farmers＇ income.Accordingly,grain subsidy should put the productive special allowance as the main content,grain farmers as the object,and associate with production as way.In order to adapt to the trend of large-scale grain production,grain subsidy should focus on specialized production households.