有机污染物的微生物修复研究进展

Research progress of organic pollutants's microbial bioremediation

多芳香烃(PAHs)、环硝胺类物质(RDX、HMX、Tetryl和CL-20)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、烷烃类化合物、氯乙烯类、硝基化合物等的有机污染物增多,对自然界和人类生活造成极大危害,自二十世纪七十年代便出现了利用微生物降解有机污染物的生物修复研究,但传统的有机污染物生物修复存在效率不高、难以维持等问题。二十世纪九十年代以来,随着分子生物学技术的迅速发展,其在污染生物修复中得到越来越多的应用,并有效地提高了生物修复效率。本文总结了近年来有机污染物污染修复中应用上述方法的研究,重点分析整理了一系列典型石油污染物降解途径中的加氧酶及其参考菌株,为今后有机污染物的生物修复提供参考。

With the accumulation of organic pollutants, such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon （PAHs）, Ring nitramine substance （RDX, HMX, Tetryl and CL-20）, Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs）, Alkane Compounds, Vinyl chloride and Nitro compounds, human beings and the nature are suffering more and more severe effects from them, It is occurred that researches on microbial molecular biotechnology used in organic pollutants＇s microbial bioremediation in the 1970s. However, traditional organic pollutants＇s microbial bioremediation had such issues as inefficiency and difficult to sustain. With the rapid development of microbial molecular biotechnology since the 1990s, there are more applications in the organic pollutants＇s microbial bioremediation improving its efficiency effectively. This paper reviewed the approaches in recent application for organic pollutants＇s microbial bioremediation, focused on analysis of oxygenase and its strains in a series of degradation approaches of typical petroleum pollutants, and furthermore provided some reference to future researches.