医务人员锐器伤基线调查分析

Baseline survey of sharp injuries of medical staff

目的了解医务人员锐器伤发生原因,并制定有效干预措施,保护医务人员职业健康。方法于2011年9月采用回顾性调查方法,调查前1个月全院1498名可能接触锐器的医务人员、工勤人员。结果调查1个月锐器伤的发生率为10.7%,月人均发生0.17次锐器伤,其中护士锐器伤发生次数最多,占74.1%;工作<1年和1～5年是锐器伤高发期,分别占30.5%和30.9%;普通病房、手术室、补液室是发生锐器伤的高发场所;补液配置、肌内注射、拔动静脉针、回套针帽、抢救、手术操作均是发生锐器伤的危险因素。结论医务人员是发生锐器伤的高发人群,提高医务人员自身防护意识,规范操作流程,健全锐器伤报告和处置制度,能有效降低医务人员锐器伤的发生。

OBJECTIVE To understand the causes of medical sharp injuries, and make effective intervention measures to protect the medical staff＇s occupational health. METHODS By means of the retrospective survey method,a total of 1489 medical staff and service personnel who may contact with sharp instruments one month earlier were investigated. RESULTS In sep, 2011 the incidence of sharp instrument iniury in this survey was 10. 7%, 0.17 times per month sharp instrument injury. The nurse occurred the most number of sharp instrument injury, accounting for 74. 1 % ; working age within one year or 1--5 years was the high prevalence period of sharp instrument injury, accounting for 30. 5% and 30. 9%, respectively. The common ward, operating room, and rehydration room were the high risk places for the incidence of sharp instrument injuries; the rehydration configuration, intramuscular injection, arteriovenous needle extraction, needle hat re-capping, rescue, and the surgery were the risk factors for the sharp instrument injuries. CONCLUSION The medical staff are the high risk population for the sharp injuries, thus it is necessary to improve the medical staff＇s self-protection awareness, standardize the operation procedure, and make the sharp injuries reporting and handling system sound so as to effectively reduce the incidence of sharp injuries.