实习医学生血源性病原体职业暴露调查

Occupational exposure of medical interns to blood-borne pathogens

目的调查实习医学生血源性职业暴露情况,探讨针对性防护措施,减少职业暴露的发生。方法对2009年1月1日-2011年12月31日实习医学生上报登记的35名职业暴露进行分析。结果 1438名实习医学生中共收到35名发生血源性职业暴露报告,暴露率为2.43%;护理专业实习生发生血源性职业暴露,27名占77.14%,护理专业与临床医学专业及其他专业实习生发生职业暴露比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);锐器伤为导致暴露的主要形式,32名占91.43%,致锐器伤操作环节多发生在输液、注射、采血后拔针时,占77.14%;暴露源中患有血源性传播疾病22名,占62.86%。结论实习医学生面临血源性职业暴露的潜在危险,尤其是护理专业的学生,医院应加强实习医学生职业防护的教育、规范操作行为;实习医学生也应提高自身防护意识,避免和减少血源性职业暴露的发生。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the status of the occupational exposure of the medical interns to blood-borne pathogens so as to propose the targeted prevention measures to reduce the incidence of exposure. METHODS The status of the occupational exposure to 35 medical interns who were reported and registered from Jan 1, 2009 to Dec 31, 2011 were analyzed. RESULTS Of 1438 medical interns investigated, there were 35 with the occupational expo- sure to the blood-b0rne pathogens with the incidence of 2.43 %; there were 27 （77.14） nursing interns with the blood-borne pathogen exposure, the difference in the incidence of occupational exposure between the nursing in- terns, clinical medical interns, and other major interns was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The sharp injure was the main cause of the exposure, there were 32 （91.34%） due to this. 77. 14% of the occupational exposure oc- curred in the transfusion , injection ,and needle extraction after blood sampling . There were 22 （62.86%） with blood-borne transmitted diseases. CONCLUSION The medical interns, especially the nursing interns, are at high risk of the blood-borne occupational exposure, thus the hospital should strengthen the education of occupational protection and standardize the operation, and the medical interns should improve their self-protection conscious- ness so as to avoid and reduce the incidence of blood-borne occupational exposure.