焉耆盆地酿酒葡萄气候适宜性分析

Analysis of Climate Suitability for Planting Winemaking Grapes in Yanqi Basin

用焉耆县气象站基本资料分析了焉耆盆地种植酿酒葡萄的气候条件,结果表明:焉耆盆地≥10℃活动积温为3 566℃.d、7—9月水热系数为0.21、成熟期昼夜温差为16℃、7—9月平均气温和为62.8℃、日光能系数为5.9,各项气候指标均为种植酿酒葡萄最适宜气候区划范围。同时焉耆盆地具有独特的山地小气候和水域岸边小气候优势,能够生产出富有地域特色优质葡萄酒。焉耆盆地主要气象灾害是大风与春季霜冻,大风天气主要出现在4月下旬至5月,春季终霜大部分年份出现在4月21日前,越冬期间低温冻害影响不大。进一步对比分析焉耆盆地与石河子酿酒葡萄种植的气候条件,焉耆盆地气候条件优于石河子,主要表现在冬季平均气温较高,夏季气温较低,无霜期和≥10℃活动积温较多,降水量较少。

The climatic condition of growing winemaking grapes was analyed by use of basic meteorologic data from Yanqi weather station . It was revealed the sum of actively accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ was 3 566 ℃d, hydrothermal coefficient was 0.21 during July to September, temperature difference between day and night was 16 ℃ during the maturity stage, the sum temperature during July to September was 62.8 ℃,the sunlight energy coefficient was 5.9. The climatic condition in Yanqi Basin was suitable climatic range to plant winemaking grapes. There was unique advantage climate in Yanqi Basin that was near hilly country and big lake where high quality winemaking grapes can be planted. The major meteorologic disaster was strong wind and spring-frost, but strong wind only existed between last ten days of April and May and last frost day was earlier than twenty-first April in most years. Low temperature freeze had little influence on living through the winter for winemaking grapes in Yanqi Basin. Compared Yanqi Basin with Shihezi, it showed that the climate in Yanqi Basin was better than that in Shihezi due to higher winter temperature and lower summer temperature as well as longer frost-free period and the sum of active accumulated temperature above 10℃ was more, meanwhile there was less precipitation in the whole year.