正确理解儒学的几个重要概念

How to Understand the Concepts of the Confucian Thoughts

在现实生活中,"人治"、"君君臣臣"、"为己"、"爱人"等儒学概念往往被人们从负面的角度加以理解。实际上,无论是"人治"还是"君君臣臣",其原初含义都是一种正面指谓。比如,"人治"源于《中庸》的"以人治人",是指以人道的方式对治人的过错,所以朱熹才将其注解为"以其人之道还治其人之身"。但在现实生活中,"人治"往往被理解为完全出于一己之私的"其人之治","以其人之道还治其人之身"则往往被理解为"专门以你的方法对付你"。再如,"君君臣臣"本来是孔子对人由不同职务所决定之不同职分的规定,但在现实生活中,则往往被理解成对特权等级制度的维护与肯定;至于"为己"、"爱人",本来都是出于道德角度的严格要求,现在则全然被理解为所谓"自利"与"偏私"。所有这些古今异俗乃至完全相反的指谓,都是一种值得深入分析的语言衍化现象。

In real life some Confucian concepts are often considered to be wrong.In fact,the concepts are originally good.For example,rule of man in the book of Golden Mean refers to rule by a humanist way.However,in reality this concept is often thought to be ruled by personal profit.Another example is that king is king and minister is minister,which refer to the social order,but in reality it is often thought to protect the privilege.These wrong understandings of the Confucian concepts are worthy of a further analysis as a language derived phenomenon.