论中国古代小说中的“爱民主义”——《歧路灯》思想内涵别说

The Thought of Loving People in Ancient Novels of China——Thought of the Novel Qiludeng

"爱民主义"是以"爱民"为宗旨的一种"主义"。"爱民"一词,最早见于先秦典籍,而"爱国"一词晚出,其后长时期中用量亦少。但近代"爱国主义"大行于世,至今有"爱国主义",而无"爱民主义"。"爱民"之义,古代文学中多表达作"为民",唯《三国演义》、《歧路灯》等小说中不乏"爱民"之说。《歧路灯》写谭绍衣作为主人公谭绍闻的对照,办案中"曲全生灵",又写季刺史"午夜筹荒政"等,更是中国古代堪称以"爱民"为"主义"的长篇小说。《歧路灯》的"爱民主义"有其历史的、时代的、个人的、文学的渊源,有首创和示范的意义,但也有受封建制度约束和"清官"思想的局限。研究这一问题,对当今读书、治学和为政都有参考意义。建议将谭绍衣勘灾一段描写选入中学语文教材。

The term of loving people was first read in the Qin books and the term of loving country appeared late.However,patriotism is more popular now.In ancient literary works loving people was often considered as serving people.In the ancient novel Qiludeng exists the thought of loving people,which has its source of history,times,author and literature and also has pioneering and exemplary significance,but it is bound by feudal system and the idea of ＂clean government＂.It has reference to the significance of today＇s study,scholarship and politicians.My suggestion is that the excellent section of Qiluden should be selected into the school textbooks.