弱势群体概念新探

The Concept of the Disadvantaged Revisited

弱势群体是在社会资源的分配中处于劣势地位,缺乏平等的公民身份,遭受社会歧视,在不同程度上受到风险和不确定性的影响,难以满足一些基本生活需求,实现功能性活动程度较低的群体。关于弱势群体,国内学术界主要侧重于从经验层面分析其成因和类型,对何谓弱势这一学理问题的解答尚不够令人满意。西方政治哲学从分配正义、承认政治及能力路径等视角对弱势群体概念进行了界定。其中,能力路径视角较优,在此视角下可以包容分配正义和承认政治的要求,可对何谓"弱势"给出相对准确和较为全面的分析及认定。

The disadvantaged groups are those who are disadvantaged in social resources distribution,who are lack of equal citizenship,who are discriminated by other citizens,who are greatly influenced by risks and uncertainties,who are hard to satisfy their basic needs and who only achieve low level of functionary activities.The discussions about the disadvantaged group in domestic academic world have focused on the cause and the type of the disadvantaged group;while the theoretical answer to who is the disadvantaged is not satisfactory.Western political philosophy defines the disadvantaged groups from the perspectives of distributive justice,politics of recognition and capabilities approach.The capabilities approach is better than the other two,because it could integrate the perspectives of distributive justice and politics of recognition to define who ＂the disadvantaged＂ is in a relatively comprehensive way.