X线胸片异常与粉尘暴露、吸烟、工龄等因素的相关性研究

Correlation study between dust exposures, smoking, length of service and other factors and chest X-ray abnomud-ities

目的了解石材加工工人粉尘暴露、吸烟、工龄等因素对X线胸片异常的影响，为预防该行业相关疾病的发生提供参考依据。方法采用以医院放射科进行X线胸片检查的人员为基础的病例对照研究，病例组为胸片异常的396例病人，对照组为同期没有胸片异常的538例健康体检者。对石材加工所涉及工种的环境用滤膜称重法和滤膜溶解涂片法分别进行总粉尘浓度和粉尘分散度的测定。结果对照组和病例组粉尘暴露情况差异有显著性[X^2=22．32，P〈0．05，OR=5．17，95％CI为（2．44，10．91）]；抽检的石材加工厂中各工种环境的总粉尘浓度和分散度均符合GBZ2-2002限值的要求。粉尘暴露对X线胸片有影响，危险度随粉尘暴露而增加。吸烟和工龄是胸片异常的危险因素（X^2=15．83，4．74；P〈0．05）；工种对X线胸片异常无显著影响。结论石材加工工人X线胸片异常与粉尘暴露、吸烟、工龄相关，与工种无关。

Objective To understand the impact of stone processing workers＇ dust exposures, smoking, length of service and other factors on the chest X-ray abnormalities, and provide a reference for the prevention for the occurrence of related diseases in the industry. Methods A case control study was conducted. 396 patients with chest X-ray abnormalities and 538 personnel without chest X-ray abnormalities in the same period ashealthy subjects were enrolled. The total dust concentration and dust dispersity of stone processing environment were detected by the membrane filter weighing methods and the membrane filter dissolved smear methods. Resuits Dust exposures of the control group and the case group were statistically significant, X^2=22.32, P〈0.05, OR=5.17,95%CI（2.44,10.91 ）. The total dust concentration and dust dispersity of the stone processing in differ- ent work environment were consistent with （GBZ 2-2002）limit requirements. Dust exposures had an effect on X-ray chest radiograph, and the risk increased with the dust exposures. Smoking and length of service were the risk factors of chest X-ray abnormalities, X^2=15.83,4.74, P〈0.05. The difference between type of work and chest X-ray abnormalities was not statistically significant （P〉0.05）. Conelugion Dust exposures, smoking, length of service affects the stone processing workers＇X-ray chest radiograph, but has nothing to do with the typeof work.