社区响应乡村旅游发展的实践逻辑与治理路径——基于布尔迪厄的场域分析视角

Practical Logic and Management Approaches of Community's Response to Rural Tourism Development in the Perspective of Pierre Bourdieu's Field Analysis

中国乡村旅游研究的"泛化"对社区旅游研究形成了遮蔽,社区参与旅游研究的"粗放"不仅对社区响应旅游发展的自主性关注不够,也削弱了对实践的分类指导作用,因而迫切需要学界系统地审视乡村旅游与社区参与的传统研究范式,建构社区响应乡村旅游发展的既相对自主又具结构同源性的实践逻辑与方法。本文基于布尔迪厄的场域分析框架,依据乡村旅游场域中资本(权力)及其占有者的结构与社区实践,将社区响应乡村旅游发展的实践方法概括为2层、3类及7型;提出了设立社区资源补偿费、旅游分红与经营权保障等准股份合作制制度增权治理路径。

＂Over-generalization＂ tendency in the study of Chinese rural tourism hinders the study of community tourism. The community＇s poor participation in tourism studies does not result in good fruits concerning the community＇s autonomy in tourism development and weakens the classification guidance in practice. So it is urgently necessary to systematically review the traditional research para- digms of rural tourism and community participation and to construct a practical logic and some aca- demic methods for community＇s response to the development of rural tourism, both relatively autono- mous and structurally homological. Based on the frame of Pierre Bourdieu＇s field analysis and accord- ing to the capital （power） and the composition of its occupants and community＇s practice, this paper summarizes the practical methods of community＇s response to rural tourism development and classifies it into two layers, three categories and seven types. It finally brings up such administrative approa- ches as the establishment of the quasi-stock cooperative system, the compensation mechanism for community resources, tourism dividends and guarantee for management right.