我国选举制度的近代嬗变——基于民国时期宪政维度的历史考察

Changes in China's Election System in Early Modern Times in the Perspective of the Constitutional Government in the Period of the Republic of China

具有近代意义的中国选举制度发端于清朝末年,确立于民国元年,发展于北洋时期,完备于南京国民政府时期。其发生嬗变的背后蕴藏着复杂的社会政治环境,包括宪法变迁、宪政发展等诸多因素。这些因素在民国时期特殊的社会背景之下,表现出独特的现象。民初的《临时约法》以根本法的形式确立了中国近代选举制度;北洋政府时期,由于政局动荡,宪政体制受挫,选举制度发生了一定程度的异化;国民政府时期的选举原则及其制度集中在一系列宪法性法律规范之中,随着当时宪政建设而深入社会各个领域,基本摆脱传统的政治藩篱,进入现代生活舞台。

China＇s election system with the significance of early modern times emerged in the late Qing dynasty, came into being in the first year of the Republic of China, developed in the Baiyang pe-riod and matured in the period in the Nanjing National Government. The changes in the period of the Republic of China had typical features as follows： The Provisional Constitution in the early period of the Republic of China helped establish China＇s election system in early modern times, the turbulence of the Baiyang Government led to some negative changes in this election system while the election principles in the period of the Republic of China found expression in a series of constitutional laws with much significance of modern times.