个体和群体歧视知觉对流动儿童主观幸福感的影响

Influences of Perceived Personal and Group Discrimination on the Subjective Well-being among Chinese Migrant Children

采用整班联系、自愿参加的方式,通过匿名方式对北京市1552名流动儿童施测个体和群体歧视知觉问卷、积极/消极情感量表、生活满意度量表、内群体认同测验与群体地位感测验,探讨个体和群体歧视知觉埘流动儿童主观幸福感的影响及内群体认同感和群体地位感在其中的中介作用。结果表明:(1)个体和群体歧视知觉与流动儿童的主观幸福感、内群体情感认同及群体地位感之间存在显著性相关,与内群体认知认同之间相关不显著。(2)个体歧视知觉对流动儿童的主观幸福感存在直接显著的负向预测作用,并通过降低流动儿童的群体地位感,进而间接地负向影响流动儿童的主观幸福感;(3)群体歧视知觉对流动儿童的主观幸福感也存在直接显著的消极影响,并同时借助于群体地位感的中介作用,以及内群体情感认同和群体地位感的双重中介作用,间接地降低流动儿童的主观幸福感。

Although the perception of discrimination has been revealed to play crucial negative roles in the well-being of disadvantaged children, the nature of the relationship between perceived discrimination and well-being remains unclear. Using social identity theory as a framework, Branscombe, Sehmitt and Harvey （1999） developed the rejection-identification model to describe the dual effects of perceived discrimination on the psychological well-being. Empirical research has supported its predictions among the members of low status group members, particularly when the boundaries between the low status group and the high status group are perceived as impermeable. For Chinese migrant children, their group membership is transitory （ i. e. , upward mobility into the higher status group is possible） , the relationship between perceived discrimination and well-being among them may he different from those whose membership is impermeable. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived personal and group discrimination and subjective wellbeing, as well as the mediation effect of the ingroup identity and perceived group status among Chinese migrant children. A total of 904 migrant children in a school of migrant children and 446 migrant children in a public school participated in this study. All participants completed a self-report assessment to measure their perceived personal and group discrimination, negative and positive affections, students＇life satisfaction, ingroup identity and perceived group status. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between perceived personal and group discrimination and subjective well-being, ingroup emotional identity and perceived group status among Chinese migrant children. Both perceived personal and group discrimination had significant direct effects on the subjective well-being of migrant children, and had significant indirect effects on the subjective well-being via the mediation effect on perceived group status. In addition, perceived personal discrimination had a significant indirect effect on the subjective well-being of migrant children via the multiple mediation effects of ingroup emotional identity and perceived group status.