内隐学习中东巴文促进幼儿汉字字形记忆的研究

Research on Dongba Pictograph Influencing Children's Chinese Orthographic Acquisition with Implicit Learning

采用任务分离范式考察了内隐学习中只学汉字、结合图画学习汉字、结合东巴文学习汉字对幼儿汉字字形记忆的影响。幼儿通过颜色判断任务进行学习。实验1采用再认任务考察学习方式对汉字字形外显记忆的影响。实验2采用偏好判断任务考察学习方式对汉字字形内隐记忆的影响。研究发现,在伴随学习条件下,东巴文能够促进幼儿对汉字字形的外显记忆,东巴文可以成为幼儿汉字学习的工具。

Because of Chinese characters＇complicated orthographies and children＇immature cognitive level, Chinese orthographic acquisition seemed to be quite difficult. Dongba pictograph has similar characteristics of Chinese characters and pictures to some extent. It is suggested that Dongba pictograph may contribute to children＇s Chinese character orthographic learning. In this research, task dissociation paradigm was adopted to explore the effect of the simulative functions of Dongba pictograph and picture on Chinese character orthographic learning via implicit learning. A total of 160 children （80 males and 80 females） were tested in this study, 80 children took part in Experiment 1 and another 80 children took part in Experiment 2. Three - factor mixed design was used： 4 （ learning style ： Chinese learning only, Dongba pictograph learning only, Chinese learning combined with Dongba pictograph, Chinese learning combined with pictures ） ＇s 2 （ test style ： instant test, delayed test） ＇s 2 （word class：verbs, nouns）. The materials included 40 Chinese characters （20 verbs that included 10 ideographic words and 10 phonograms, 20 nouns that included 10 ideographic words and 10 phonograms）, 40 Dongba pictographs and 40 pictures, while three stimuli shared the same meaning. Color judgment tasks were used in the learning period. Using recognition task, Experiment 1 was to investigate the influence of learning style on the explicit memory of Chinese orthographic learning. Results showed that Dongba pictograph can promote Chinese character learning. Using preference task, Experiment 2 was to investigate the influence of learning style on the implicit memory of Chinese orthographic learning. Results showed that Chinese learning combined with Dongba pictograph yielded better results than Chinese learning combined with pictures and Chinese learning only via explicit memory. Chinese character learning only acquired the most implicit priming in implicit memory. The performance of nouns was better than that of verbs. Performance of instant tests was better than that of delayed tests. These results may result from the characteristics of collateral learning and testing styles, and the similarity between Dongba pictograph and Chinese character. Also, children＇s cognitive features influenced Chinese orthographic acquisition. The results also indicated that the combination of voluntary learning and collateral learning helped children＇s Chinese learning. The conclusions are derived from this study. （ 1 ） Dongba pictograph can be an auxiliary learning tool to promote young ehildren＇s Chinese character orthographic learning. （2） The effects of Dongba on Chinese character orthographic learning may result from characteristics of collateral learning and testing styles, and the similarity between Dongba pictograph and Chinese character, as well as children＇s cognitive characteristics.