工作要求-资源、心理资本对工作家庭关系的影响

The Impact of Job Demands,Job Resources,Psychological Capital on Work Family Relationship

本研究选取253名已婚全职员工为研究对象,采用自陈式问卷调查的方法,考察了工作要求、工作资源、心理资本对工作家庭关系的影响。结果发现:(1)工作要求与工作家庭双向冲突均呈显著正相关;(2)工作资源与工作家庭双向冲突均呈显著负相关,与工作家庭双向促进均呈显著正相关;(3)心理资本在工作资源与工作家庭关系间起完全中介作用。

The intersection of paid work and family care is the subject of innovative research for decades. However, most research about the antecedents of work family interface is focused on the work and family domains, with little attention to individual difference, especially personal resources. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of psychological capital on the work - family relationship and how the effects happen. The influence of job demands and job resources on the work - family relationship has also been discussed. A self - reported questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from 253 full - time employees in order to test the influence of job demands, job resources and psychological capital on the work family balance. Job demands have two indicators, which are workload and working hours. Job resources have three indicators which are decision autonomy, colleague support and supervisor support. Psychological capital has four dimensions which are self efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience. The work - family relationship has four dimensions which are the work - family conflict, the family - work conflict, the work - family facilitation and the family - work facilitation. The structure equation modeling was used to test hypotheses, which was calculated by AMOS 17.0. The main results show that ： （ 1 ） Job demands are positively related to both the work - family conflict and the family - work conflict, whereas they are not significantly related to either the work - family facilitation or the family - work facilitation. （2） Job resources are negatively related to both the work - family conflict and the family - work conflict, whereas they are positively related to both the work - family facilitation and the family - work facilitation. （ 3 ） Psychological capital is negatively related to both the work - family conflict and the family - work conflict, whereas it is positively related to both the work - family facilitation and the family - work facilitation. （4） Psychological capital plays a mediating role between job resources and work family relationship. These results support the spillover theory, which says that a change in one domain （work/family） may cause a similar change in the other domain （family/work） either positively （facilitation） or negatively （conflict）. The findings of this research show that conflict and facilitation have different antecedents, and conflict is influenced by both job demands and job resources, while facilitation is just influenced by job resources, which suggests that the mechanism of conflict and facilitation may be different. On the whole, the mechanism of conflict can be explained from a stress perspective, such as the job demand resource model and conservation of resources theory. However, facilitation is mainly influenced by the trends of positive psychology that explains the phenomenon from a positive perspective. Therefore, the mechanism of facilitation is focused on positive resources. Previous research demonstrates that job resources have a positive effect on the work -family relationship. However, the reason why resources from the work domain may influence the family domain has not yet been discussed. This research explores this progress from a new perspective, introducing a variable of personal resources ： psychological capital. The results demonstrate that psychological capital may play a mediating role, which offers a ＂job-charaeter-personal-eharacter-work/family relationship＂ model and contributes to research in the work -family relationship.