中日美家族企业比较:基于文化的视角

Comparative Study of Family Businesses in China,Japan and the United States:A Angle of Culture

以个人主义为中心的美国文化,成就了美国企业以个人分散持股为主的现代公司治理模式、自由竞争式雇佣模式、以企业为重心的传承模式以及自由放任式的政企关系;以"家"(社团)为中心的日本文化,形成了日本企业以法人持股为主的现代公司治理模式、家庭温情式雇佣模式、以家业为重心的传承模式以及企业与政府间或紧或松的政企关系;而以家庭为中心的中国文化,则形成了中国家族企业的家族式治理模式、"差序格局"式雇佣模式、以家族为重心的传承模式以及企业与政府之间寻租与被寻租的政企关系。中国企业在选择发展模式上,一定要注意文化的相适性。

Individualism-centered American culture has formed American dispersed personal shareholdings modern corporate governance model, free competition employment mode, enterprise-focused mode of inherit- ance, and laissez-faire government-enterprise relations. Association-centered Japanese culture has formed Japanese modern corporate governance model based on institutional ownership, the family warmth employment mode, property-focused mode of inheritance, and close or loose government-enterprise relations. Family-centered Chi- nese culture has formed the family governance model, the employment model with the pattern of difference se- quence, family-focused mode of inheritance, and the rent-seeking relationship between government and enterpri- ses. In the choice of mode of development, we must pay attention to the cultural adaptability.