汉语双标句符假设试说

Double Complementizers Hypothesis in Chinese

关于汉语句子的句末标句符,学界已有语气词标句符和语调标句符两种假设。本文在这两种单标句符假设的基础上,提出双标句符假设。该假设认为,汉语句子以句调为第一或强制性标句符(C1),其最大投射为句调标句符句(C1P);以语气词为第二或可选性标句符(C2),其最大投射为语气词标句符句(C2P)。C1P和C2P在充当根句和从句、书语句和口语句、句类核心成员和非核心成员等功能上存在一系列对立和互补,而后者受到较多限制。进而言之,汉语句子结构在理论上可以概括为"[X+C1]±C2"公式,它对人类语言的句子结构具有普遍性。

There are two hypotheses about the complementizer in Chinese so far：the final particle and the sentence tone as complementizer. The double complementizers hypothesis is proposed on the basis of these two single hypotheses. It assumes that the sentence tone is its prior/compulsory complementizer（Cl）,with its maximum project as a sentence with a tone as its complementizer（ClP）,and the final particle is the secondary/optional comple- mentizer（C2）,with its maximum project as a sentence with a final particle as its eomple- mentizer（C2P）. C1P and C2P functionally counter each other or complete each other in root and embedded clause,writing/speech sentences, and main /non-main sentence types. The latter are more restrained than the former. Therefore,the structure of Chinese sentences can be theoretically summarized by the formula：IX＋C1] ＋C2. This extensively existed gen- eralization of the sentence structure of human language can not only explain the sentence structure of Chinese but also of other languages