存在句的动词考察

On the Verbs in Existential Construction

存在句的句法结构是"Loc+V+O/S"。进入存在句的动词,其S/O与Loc之间要能突显位置关系,且A可消失或S可居O位置。及物动词中,"置放"或"创造"义的施事单动词、动结式以及少数能派生出位置关系含义的非施事单动词或这些动词带上趋向动词构成的非施事动结式,能进入存在句。不及物动词中,表示位置变化、空间配置、含移位方式的单动词以及补语由趋向动词充当的动结式,能进入存在句;部分表示状态变化、形成某种状态并延续或带非有生S的单动词和其他部分动结式,能派生出位置关系含义,且其S可居O位置,也能进入存在句。

The syntactic structure of existential in enters the existential construction must meet the its S will occupy the place of O. For transitive Chinese is Loe ＋V ＋ O/S. Any verb which conditions,that either its A will delete,or verbs,agentive verbs and resultatives with location or creation semantics,a few non-agentive verbs and resuhatives from which certain positional relationships can derive, can all enter existential constructions. For intransitive verbs,verbs with the semantics of location change,spatial configuration,and manner of mo- tion,and resutatives with the complement of directional verbs can also enter the existential constructions. Certain verbs implying state non-animate S and other resultatives from change, state formation or continuation or with which positional relationships can derive, and whose S can occupy the .position of O,can also enter the existential constructions.