中国2005～2011年风疹流行病学特征分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Rubella in China during 2005-2011

目的分析中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)2005～2011年风疹流行病学特征,为制定预防控制风疹策略提供参考。方法 对中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统及突发公共卫生事件信息报告管理系统报告的风疹发病资料,进行描述流行病学分析。结果全国风疹报告发病率从2005年开始逐年上升,2008年达到近7年来的最高峰(9.11/10万),2009、2010年逐年下降,2011年较2010年又有小幅上升;风疹发病呈现明显的季节性,4～6月为发病高峰;各省(自治区、直辖市)均有病例报告;发病年龄组构成以<20岁发病最多,约占全部病例数的82%;5～14岁儿童发病率最高;风疹爆发疫情主要发生在中、小学校。结论全国2005～2011年风疹报告发病呈波动反复,2011年又有上升趋势,学生为主要发病人群。应考虑制定切实可行的全国预防控制风疹的策略,预防风疹爆发,减少先天性风疹综合征的发生。

Objective In order to know rubella epidemiological characteristics in China from 2005 to 2011 and to provide basis on rubella control in China. Methods Analyzing rubella epidemiology characteristics with descriptive epidemiology. Results The reported rubella incidence rate of China is increasing year by year from 2005, and reached the peak 9.11/100,000 in 2008, then declined in 2009 and 2010, 2011 had a little increased. Rubella presented obviously seasonal nature, the peak time was April to June. The rubella incidence was reported in whole China. The proportions of rubella cases aged 〈20 years were 82%, which showed the most proportion. 5-14 years old had got the highest incidence these years, Rubella outbreak mainly happened in middle and primary schools. Conclusions Rubella incidence from 2005 to 2011 moved year by year, but still much higher. Students are the main attacked population. National policy issues and strategies should be constituted urgently with the help of international experiences in order to control and prevent rubella. It is important to formulate effective strategies for preventing the rubella outbreaks and the congenital rubella syndrome.