不同肥力水平下立架栽培甜瓜干物质累积和氮、磷、钾养分吸收特性

Characteristics of dry matter accumulation and N,P and K assimilations of trellis-cultivated melon under different fertility rates

为明确不同土壤肥力水平下立架栽培甜瓜干物质积累与养分吸收及分配特点,并为制定立架栽培甜瓜不同生育期科学施肥方案提供理论依据。本研究以立架栽培甜瓜为材料,通过不同土壤肥力水平的大田试验,结合室内常规分析方法测定不同生育期甜瓜植株干物质积累量和氮、磷、钾含量。结果表明,伸蔓期不同肥力水平下立架甜瓜干物质积累量差异不显著,而坐果期和成熟期则差异达显著水平,表现为高肥力>中肥力>低肥力;整个生育期高、中肥力试验区立架甜瓜全株氮素吸收量显著高于低肥力试验区,坐果期不同肥力水平下立架甜瓜全株磷素吸收量存在显著差异,即高肥力>中肥力>低肥力,坐果期和成熟期高、中肥力试验区立架甜瓜全株钾素吸收量显著高于低肥力试验区,而养分生理利用效率不同肥力水平下差异不显著;不同时期甜瓜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量不同,伸蔓期和坐果期甜瓜对氮、磷、钾吸收积累量较少,分别占全生育期吸收积累量的15.3%～18.9%、14.5%～17.3%、11.0%～13.9%和25.7%～33.4%、23.4%～27.5%、17.6%～25.1%,成熟期甜瓜对氮磷钾吸收积累量剧增,分别达102.8～145.4 kg/hm2、37.9～43.0 kg/hm2和347.9～449.8 kg/hm2。总体而言,立架栽培甜瓜对钾的吸收量多,氮次之,磷最少,全生育期内对氮、磷、钾的吸收比例为1∶0.30∶2.53。

In order to clarify the characteristics of dry matter accumulation,nutrients absorption and distribution in trellis-cultivated melon and to provide theoretical basis in making measures for high yield fertilization according to trellis-cultivated melon growth and development characteristics.The dry matter accumulation and nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） uptake characteristics of trellis-cultivated melon were investigated by field experiments and analysis at the laboratory.The results show that the dry matter accumulations of trellis-cultivated melon at the vining stage at different fertility levels are not significantly different,while they are significantly different at the setting stage and fruiting stage,and they are the highest in high-fertility fields and the lowest in low-fertility fields.The N uptakes of the total plants in high-and middle-fertility fields are significantly higher than that in low-fertility fields at the whole growing period.The P uptakes of the total plants at the setting stage are the highest in high-fertility fields and are the lowest in low-fertility fields.The K uptakes of the total plants in high-and middle-fertility fields are significantly higher than those in low-fertility fields at the setting stage and fruiting stage.The nutrient use efficiencies in physiology（NUEp） in different fertility fields are not significantly different.The uptakes of N,P and K are comparatively lower at the vining stage and setting stage,which account for 15.3%-18.9%,14.5%-17.3%,11.0%-13.9% and 25.7%-33.4%,23.4%-27.5%,17.6%-25.1% of the absorption amounts in the whole growing period,respectively.The uptakes of N,P and K at the fruiting stage are increased rapidly,which are from 102.8 to 145.4 kg/ha,from 37.9 to 43.0 kg/ha,from 347.9 to 449.8 kg/ha,respectively.The absorption capacity of K in trellis-cultivated melon is the highest,followed by N and P.Taking the whole growing stages in consideration,the N∶ P∶ K ratio is 1 ∶ 0.30 ∶ 2.53.