甘肃省元帅系苹果叶营养元素含量标准值研究

Studies on the standard ranges of leaf nutritional element contents of Delicious apple in Gansu province

不同地区苹果不同品种叶营养元素适宜值存在差异,苹果叶片营养标准值的确定对养分管理具有指导意义。通过对甘肃省元帅系苹果叶片营养水平的研究表明,营养元素变异规律呈现常量营养元素<微量元素;不同产量苹果园,高产园叶片N、P、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn含量值显著高于低产园,而铁含量显著低于中、低产园,K、B含量差异不显著;叶片矿质营养N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B含量值遵从正态分布,而Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn呈偏态分布(X2分布)。对符合正态分布的元素采用概率分级法1～5级分级,分别对应叶营养元素含量标准值中的缺乏、低值、正常值、高值、过高5个数值范围,各级出现的叶样概率分别为10%、20%、40%、20%和10%,叶分析值为(X-0.5246S)～(X+0.5246S)可作为标准值中的正常值范围,这与高产园分析值十分接近;对呈X2分布特征的元素,参照高产园的叶分析值对概率分级法进行矫正,制定出甘肃省元帅系苹果叶营养元素含量标准值。与国内外标准相比,甘肃元帅系苹果叶标准值表现出N、P、K、Mn、Zn、B水平正常,Ca、Mg、Cu偏高,Fe极高的特点。

The appropriate values of different apple varieties＇ leaf nutrient elements in different areas are diverse,determination of the standard for apple leaf nutrients has guiding significance for nutrient management.The leaf nutritional element contents of Delicious apple in Gansu province were studied.The results show that the variation patterns of constant nutrition elements are smaller than those of trace elements.The contents of N,P,Ca,Mg,Zn and Mn of high yield orchards are significantly higher than those of low yield orchards,while the iron contents of high yield orchards are significantly lower than those of low yield orchards and the middle yield orchards.The K and B contents are not significant in difference orchards.According to the results of X2 test,the distributions of the N,P,K,Ca,Mg and B contents in leaves are in the normal distributions,while the contents of Cu,Fe,Mn,and Zn are in skewed distributions（X2 distribution）.According to the probability classification method,the values of normally distributed characters could be divided into 5 grades which correspond to the absence values,low values,normal values,high values,and excess values of standard range of nutritional elements,and the occurrence probabilities of 1-5 grades are 10%,20%,40%,20% and 10% respective1y.The values from（X-0.5246S）to（X＋0.5246S）could be the normal values of the standard ranges which are close to the average values of leaf nutritional elements in high yield orchards.The values of X2 distributed characters could be corrected by the average values of leaf nutritional elements in high yield orchards.In view of the above,compared with the other standards,the standard ranges of apple leaf nutritional elements of delicious apple in Gansu province are that the characteristics of N,P,K,Mn,Zn,B are normal,Ca,Mg,Cu are higher,and Fe is highest.