多种杀螨剂对土耳其斯坦叶螨室内毒力测定及安全评价

Indoor Toxicity Measurement of Various Miticides against Tetranychus turkestani and Their Safety Assessment

【目的】为防治土耳其斯坦叶螨和合理使用药剂提供理论和指导依据。【方法】选取6种杀螨剂用玻片浸渍法和叶片残毒法分别对土耳其斯坦叶螨雌成螨和卵进行室内毒力测定,并对其安全性进行评价。【结果】阿维菌素的杀螨活性最高,其相对毒力指数为671.151,其后依次是噻螨酮、四螨嗪、螺螨酯、甲氰菊酯和毒死蜱。噻螨酮对土耳其斯坦叶螨具有极高的选择性,螺螨酯、四螨嗪和阿维菌素对土耳其斯坦叶螨均具有显著的选择性。甲氰菊酯和毒死蜱对土耳其斯坦叶螨具有一定程度的选择性。【结论】阿维菌素、噻螨酮、螺螨酯和四螨嗪对土耳其斯坦叶螨生物活性和选择性相对较高,对脊椎动物安全,可以作为优先选择药剂。

[ Method ] Six miticides were chosen to conduct the toxicity and safety assessment to the female adult mites and eggs of Tetranychus turkestani by using slide - slip method and leaf - residue method. [ Objective] It is expected to provide theoretical basis and guidance for the research of prevention to Tetranychus turkestani and the rational use of miticides. [ Result ] Abamectin had the highest bioaetivity, and the index of relative toxicity was 671. 151. Abameetin was followed by nissorun, then by elofentezine and envidor and fenvalerate and finally dursban. Nissorun had a very high selectivity to mites. Envidor, elofentezine and abamectin had significant selectivity to mites. Fenvalerate and dursban had some selectivity. [ Conclusion ] Among the six drugs, abamectin, nissorun, envidor and clofentezine had higher bioactivity and selectivity and they are also safe for vertebrate, so they can be prioritized when selecting miticides to prevent the mites.