国有企业性质:市场与政府的双重替代物

State-owned Enterprises:Dual Substitute of the Market and Government

国有企业具有一般企业的共性,同时又具有它的特殊性,这表现在它的国有性上。它受政府行政权力的影响,为政府实现政治、经济或社会目标服务。从交易成本经济学角度来看,根据科斯的企业性质理论,企业可以节约市场交易费用,是市场的替代物。但市场经济条件下的国有企业不仅受市场的影响,也受政府的影响,可以节约政府的交易费用。因此,国有企业也是政府的替代物。但政府是为社会服务的,如果政府目标与社会目标相一致,那么国有企业就能够真正为社会谋福利;如果政府目标与社会目标相抵牾,则会适得其反。因此,国有企业的改革问题,本质上就是政府的改革问题。

State-owned enterprises have the common traits with other enterprises and maintain their own distinctive features,that is,they are state-owned.They are affected by the executive rights of the government and serve the government for the realization of the political,economic and social goals.From the perspective of transaction cost economics and based on Coase's theory of the nature of the firm,enterprises can save market transaction cost and substitute for the market.But state-owned enterprises under the market economy are influenced by both the markets and the government,thus also saving the transaction cost of the government.Therefore,state-owned enterprises are also substitutes for the government.Because the government serves the society,so if the objective of the government consists with that of the society,then the state-owned enterprises will be able to really strive for the welfare of the society.But if it is not the case,things will run counter to the desire.The reform of state-owned enterprises,in essence,is the reform of the government.