“文法”、“修辞”的历史关联与现代学科界定

The Historical Relevance between Writing Techniques and Rhetoric and Their Defines in the modern discipline

古代文法学即文章艺术论,不仅包括字句篇章的锻炼安排艺术,还包括艺术渊源论、接受论以及意境论、格调论、风神论等内容。经过朱熹、陈骙等人及明清众多文派的推动,文法学逐渐形成了以修辞为基础的理论体系,与文体学一起成为古代文章学的主体。由于文法学有关字句篇章之法的内容与现代修辞学重合,"格调"、"意境"、"风神"等形而上层面的内容又与现代语境中的古代文论与文学批评重合,导致文法学在现代学科分类中没有自身独立地位的现状。

The theory on writing techniques and rules in ancient times, namely the theory of literature in modem time is com- posed by not only the theories on arranging techniques about words, sections and chapters, but also the theories on origin, accept- ance, artistic conception and literary style. It gradually forms a theoretical system based on rhetoric and becomes the main part of ancient articology together with stylistics with the efforts of Zhu Xi and Chen Kui and the literature schools in the Ming and Qing dynasty. Because of the superposition between the theory on writing techniques of content about words, sentences and chapters and rhetoric in modem times, the content of metaphysical level about style, artistic conception and romantic charm and the ancient literary theory and criticism in modem context, the theory on writing techniques has no position in modem subject classifi- cation.