政治语境下的批评语态与心态——《青春之歌》大讨论的意味解读

Critical voice and mentality in the Political Context——Interpretation of the Meaning of Great Discussion on The Song of Youth

1959年在全国范围内进行的《青春之歌》大讨论可谓文学批评上的奇观。参与者持有相同的理念、采用相同的评论语式,但面对同一部作品却产生了观点上的强烈冲突。冲突的根由表面上看是双方对文学有不同的理解,但参与者悬殊的身份地位又使这种观点冲突变得不再单纯。批评活动折射出了工人与知识分子在那个特定年代的地位与心态,也显现了权力运作的共性特征。从中既可以看到特定年代政治与文学间的特殊关系,也可以看到超越于批评本身的心理内涵。

The nationwide great discussion on The Song of Youth in 1959 is a wonder in the history of literary criticism. Par- ticipants sharing a similar philosophy and using the same argument type had a strong conflict in their opinions in the face of the same work. On the surface, the reason of the conflict was that the two sides have a different understanding of literature, but par- ticipants＇ disparity in the status made the opinion conflict complicated. Critical activity reflected the status and mentality of the workers and intellectuals at that particular time, also there appeared the features of the power operation, from which one can see not only the special relations between politics and literature of the specific time, but also the psychological connotation beyond