论莫言小说儿童书写的声音范型与话语效果

On the Sound Paradigm and Discourse Effect of Children's Writing in Mo Yan's Fictions

莫言小说中有许多儿童形象。以发声与否为标准,可分为不发声的"哑巴"式儿童和发声的"大嘴"式儿童两种类型。"哑巴"式的儿童大多沉默、悒郁、神经质,往往具有超常的生命力,以哑默的方式给自己争取生存的空间。"大嘴"式的儿童则是通过大声的言语方式来显示他们的存在。无论是"哑巴"式的儿童类型还是"大嘴"式的儿童类型,发声/不发声所联系的关键问题在于构成拒抗,重新释放其力量。小说中多种声音相互糅杂的书写方式,又使得莫言的儿童书写小说具有复调与对话的特征。

There are many images of children in Mo Yan＇ s fictions. Children in Mo Yan＇ s fictions can be divided into the dumb-children who are inaudible and the blabbermouth-children who are audible by the standard of speaking or not. Those dumb- children who are often taciturn, depressed and neurotic possess extraordinary vitality to try for living space for themselves with a dumb silent way. While those blabbermouth-children often speak loudly to show their existence. The relative key point of speak- ing or not lies in constituting resistance and release its power again whether they are dumb-children or blabbermouth-children. The writing ways of multiple voices mixing with each other in Mo Yan＇ s fictions make his children writings have features of po- lyphony and dialogue.