从自然状态到社会状态的历史过渡:从圣经的观点看

Transition from Natural State to Social State:From the View Point of Biblical Interpretations

众所周知，17—18世纪政治哲学的主要派别是“社会契约论”，其主要版本依次为霍布斯的、斯宾诺莎的、洛克的以及卢梭的。所有这些版本都设定了“自然状态”、“自然人”、“自然法”或“自然权利”等概念的优先性，从这些概念的意义出发来推导论证公民权利和政治权威的正当性和合法性。

The founders of theory of social contract,Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan,Spinoza in Theologico-Political Treatise and John Lock in Two Treatises on Civil Government spent quite a lot of lengths on the Bible.Usually,the former two's works have been regarded as the beginning of the biblical historical criticism,and the biblical interpretations of those three have politically been assessed as oppositions to the prevailing view of the divine right of monarchs.This paper argues for the positive role played by their biblical interpretations.Both Hobbes and Spinoza by means of historical criticism provided the reason and model of the transition from natural state to social state as revealed in the politics of the early Israel.And Locke by refuting Sir Filmer's view of the divine patriarchal rights of kings,founded peoples' capacity of labour and their property right on the basis of God's bless for all human beings in the original state,which was necessarily led to the rise of a civil commonwealth.By contrast,due to the lack of biblical vision Rousseau's social contract theory was different from those three predecessors in certain significant ways.