昆明城市暴雨洪水特性分析

Analysis of Storm Flood Characteristics of Kunming City

昆明城市化进程加快后,城市暴雨洪水特性发生了变化。利用昆明市城内及城郊水文、雨量代表站1971～2011年实测资料,分析了城内及城郊暴雨洪水的地域分布、时空尺度变化、季节变化、年际变化。结果表明,昆明城区局部暴雨发生频次增多,暴雨中心主要位于盘龙江上游甸尾河—西北沙河—昆明主城一带,高强度暴雨常集中于几十分钟内,10min降雨占60min降雨的23%～70%,1h降雨占24h降雨的30%～63%。受城市化发展影响,城区暴雨量值在1990年后呈递增趋势,最大1d降雨量尤为明显,洪水的时空分布、季节变化与暴雨基本一致。

Kunming after the accelerated process of urbanization, urban storm flood characteristics have changed. Ob- served data of representative hydrologic station and rainfall station in Kunming city during 1971 2011 is used to analyze the geographical distribution, temporal and spatial scales variation, seasonal and inter-annual changes of storm flood. The results show that local storm frequency of Kunming city increases; storm centers are mainly located in Dianweihe River in the upper reaches of Panlong River, Northwest Shahe River and the main city area of Kunming; high-strength storm is of ten concentrated within several tens of minutes; 10 min rainfall is 23%-70% of 60 min rainfall; 1 h rainfall is 30%-63% of 24 h rainfall; under the influence of urbanization, storm value in urban area appears rising trend after 1990; maximum 1 d rainfall is particularly evident; temporal and spatial distribution and seasonal variation of flood coincide basically storm.