“实践”即社会生产-生活(下)——重读马克思《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》兼论马克思哲学即唯物史观

“Practice” is Social Production-Life(Part Ⅱ)——Rereading of Marx’s Theses on Feuerbach and Comment on Historical Materialism in Marx’s Philosophy

《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中有这么一句关键的话:"全部社会生活在本质上是实践的"。它表明,马克思所讲"实践"即社会生产-生活;社会生产-生活发展的客体价值目标是"生产力标准",主体价值目标是"人的全面发展";当主客体矛盾产生"异化"时,社会生产-生活发展只能把"以人为本"作为最高价值选择;对"实践产出认识",要在社会存在产出社会意识的框架内理解。把"实践"视作个人行为,在个人行为框架中理解人的认识,并不符合马克思原意,理论后遗症较大;邓小平提倡"生产力标准",实际是对马克思实践观的恢复。党中央倡言"以人为本",是对马克思实践观的坚持和发展。

There is a key statement in Theses on Feuerbach： ＂The whole social life is practice in es- sence＂. It proves that the ＂practice＂ Marx stated is social production-life; the goal of object value of the development of social production-life is ＂productivity standard＂ while the goal of subject value of it is ＂all-round development of man＂; ＂human orientation＂ is the supreme value choice of the develop- ment of social production-life when the ＂alienation＂ occurs with the contradiction between the subject and object; in regard to ＂practice produces cognition＂, it should be interpreted based on the view that the social existence produces the social consciousness. It is a misunderstanding of Marx to regard ＂practice＂ as an individual behavior and to study human cognition from the perspective of individual behavior, which has caused negative effects. ＂Productivity standard＂ advocated by Deng Xiaoping is the restoration of Marx＇s view of practice. ＂Human orientation＂ promoted by the Central Committee of CCP persists in and develops Marx＇s view of practice.