空间光电跟踪系统动量平衡设计与试验

Design and experiment of momentum balance wheels for optoelectric tracking gimbals

研制了空间光电跟踪系统的输出力矩(角动量)和动量自补偿的平衡轮,用于降低光电跟踪系统运动对卫星平台姿态的影响。根据光电跟踪系统对目标捕获和跟踪成像的指标要求,针对其频繁启动、速度和加速度变化范围大、速度频繁过零等区别于卫星姿态控制用平衡轮的特点,基于角动量平衡原理设计了一种平衡轮。通过有限元法完成了平衡轮的模态分析和结构优化,建立了包含平衡轮的光电跟踪系统的机电动力学数学模型,利用Matlab/Simulink对光电跟踪系统的方位轴系进行了模型的仿真计算。为验证其可行性,研制了一套平衡轮原理样机,提出了基于单轴气浮平台的平衡轮性能测试方法,并完成了模拟方位轴系的残余角动量检测。仿真和试验结果显示,平衡轮的使用将光电跟踪系统对平台的残余角动量输出减小了96%,表明所设计的平衡轮结构和控制系统合理可行,能够满足空间应用的需求。

A balance wheel to offset output torques and momentums of the gimbals during working was researched to eliminate the influence of movement of an optoelectronic tracking system on the satellite attitude. The balance wheels used in gimbals based on satellites are characterized by starting frequent- ly, changing extensively in velocity and acceleration, and passing zero of velocity, which are quite dif- ferent from that used to control satellite attitude. Therefore, a new balance wheel was designed based on angular momentum balance principle to meet the requirements of optoelectronic tracking gimbals for acquiring and tracking targets. The model and structure of the balance wheel were analyzed and optimized by finite element methods. Then an electromechanical dynamic model for describing the dy- namic characteristics of optoelectronic tracking gimbals with the balance wheels was established, and the simulation for an azimuth rotor was researched by Matlab/Simulink and the reasonable results were presented. To verify the feasibility, a model prototype was developed. Then the experiment method based on an air hearing table was presented and the residual angular momentum was tested. Analysis and test results show that the residual angular momentum has reduced by 96 %. The research verifies that the balance wheel can satisfy the application requirements of satellites.