美国、欧盟、日本的“绿箱”支持政策及其评价

The Implementation and Assessment of Green Boxes in the United States,European Union,and Japan

随着农业贸易自由化的推进,国内农业支持政策对于提高农业竞争力和解决"三农"问题至关重要。自1995年以来,WTO成员为遵循《农业协议》的要求,通过调整国内农业政策,将国内农业支持逐渐由"黄箱"转向"绿箱"。通过对WTO成员中大量使用"绿箱"支出的三个发达成员——美国、欧盟、日本的国内农业支持政策改革及其"绿箱"政策实施情况的考察,可以看出,由于"绿箱"补贴增加了农民收入并使农民面临的风险减少,会刺激农民进行生产性投入,增加农业生产,加剧国际农产品市场竞争的不公平性,使发展中国家的农业生产者在国际竞争中处于不利地位。因此,WTO成员在实现农业支持向"绿箱"转变的同时,应对其补贴总量进行控制和削减,减少变相的价格支持。

Accompanying with the progress of freedom of agricultural trade, domestic agricultural support policy is crucial important for increasing the competitiveness of agriculture and solving the problems related to farmer, agriculture, and rural district. WTO members have changed their agricultural support policies from Amber Boxes to Green Boxes by adjusting domestic agricultural policies under the WTO Agreement on Agriculture Since 1995. Based on the three developed countries of WTO member makes extensive use of ＂green box＂ spending： the United States, the European Union and Japan＇s domestic agricultural support policy reform and the policy of ＂green case＂ the implementation of the investigation., we can see that the ＂green box ＂ subsidies to increase farmer income and make the risk reduction. It will stimulate the production of the peasants of investment, increase agricultural production, aggravate the competition of international produce market unfair, makes the developing country producers adverse position is in in international competition. Therefore, the members of the WTO in the realization of support to agriculture ＂green box＂ change at the same time, the amount of subsidy shall control and cut, reduce disguised price support.