就业特征与职住分离关系研究

A Study on the Relationship Between Employers' Characteristics and Home-work Separation

中国城市内部的居住——就业之间的空间关系正发生着巨大的变化。北京市居民总体通勤时间较长,职住分离现象显著。居民的就业特征对职住关系具有重要影响,不同职业类型和职位就业者在通勤距离及通勤时间方面都存在显著差异性,从事工业企业的就业者通勤距离和通勤时间均最大,而从事商业餐饮类的就业者的平均通勤距离和平均通勤时间均最小;同时,单位性质对就业者的通勤距离的影响存在显著差异,而对通勤时间的影响却不显著。其中外资独资企业就业者的通勤距离和通勤时间最长,而私人企业就业者的通勤距离和通勤时间最短。不同就业特征人群的通勤满意度不同,对职住分离主观评价差异显著。商业餐饮和公务员这两类就业者对通勤时间的满意度较高,金融保险房地产和演艺界的就业者的通勤满意度较低。

The relationship between the employment and living space is undergoing tremendous change now in the city.This paper analyzes the relationship between the employers＇ characteristics and home-work separation based on a large number of on-site questionnaire survey.The indicators of commute ways,commuting distance,commuting time and commuting satisfaction are used in this study.The results showed that Beijing residents spend about 43 minutes on the one-way to their working places.This means that home-work separation is serious in Beijing.The employer＇s characteristics have an important impact on the relationship between the employment and living space in the city.Those people with different careers and different positions have different commuting distance and commuting time too.People work in industrial enterprises have longer commuting distance and commuting time.Those work in commercial catering have shorter average commuting distance and the minimum commute time.At the same time,the company property has the significant impact on the commuting distance,but does not influence the commuting time obviously.People worked in foreign-owned enterprise have the longest commuting distance and commuting time,those work in private enterprise employment have shortest commuting distance and commuting time.The commuting satisfaction is not the same with the different employment characteristics.People work in the commercial catering enterprise and government departments have higher satisfaction.Those work in financial insurance enterprise;the real estate company and the performing arts sectors have lower commuting satisfaction.