抑君权张绅权:谈《明夷待访录》政治思想——兼与黄忠晶教授商榷

On Political Thoughts of Ming Yi Dai Fang Lu——to Discuss with Professor Huang Zhongjing

目前学术界对黄宗羲政治思想的解读大多从民本思想的极限或民主思想的启蒙入手。通过解读《明夷待访录》以及相关文献后发现,黄宗羲实际上是一位坚定的反君主专制者。他设计了诸多政治制度旨在制约专制君主:恢复丞相制度、立法制度、学校制度以及央地关系制度。从这些制度设计背后可以看到,黄宗羲实际上是希望通过抬高绅权来制约君主的专制皇权。通过与既有文献的讨论得出黄氏并不是民主思想的倡导者。

Most of the discussions of the political thoughts of Huang Zongxi are about his people-oriented thoughts and democratic thoughts. However, with a discussion of Huang＇s Ming Yi Dai Fang Lu （Thoughts of a Wise Man in Difficulty） and others writings, this article argues that Huang Zongxi was a steadfast objector of autocratic monarchy. Many of the institutions designed by Huang Zongxi aim to restrict autocratic monarchy, as is shown in the rules to restore the system of the prime minister the legislative system, the school system, and the system of the relation of the central government and local government. An examination of these rules reveals that Huang Zongxi aimed to restrict the autocratic monarchy by promoting the power of the gentry. This article concludes that Huang Zongxi actually was not an advocator of democratic thoughts.