流域环境系统演化概念模型:山-河-湖-海互动及对全球变化的敏感响应──以长江为例

CONCEPT MODEL ON THE FLUVIAL ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM: MOUNTAIN-RIVER-LAKE-SEA INTERACTION AND SENSITIVE RESPONDING TO GLOBAL CHANGE

流域是一个复杂的环境系统。长江流域环境研究表明，山-河-湖-海互动是流域环境系统变化的实质，同时也是流域对全球变化响应最敏感、最直接的体现。地貌过程变化，水、沙等物理通量变化，C、P、N等化学通量变化是系统内各子系统之间联系的纽带，也是流域环境系统中最活跃的因子。以山-河-湖-海互动为核心的流域环境系统模型，主要包括：山、河、湖、海各系统之间的能量流与物质流的输入、迁移和输出理论，系统演化平衡理论和系统自组织、自反馈理论。

River basin is a complex environmental system. The research of environmental change in Changjiang Fluvial System indicates that the interaction between mountain, river, lake and sea is the essence of environmental system change in river basin, and also the most sensitive and direct externalization of fluvial system responding to global change. The changes about geomorphic processes, physical flux(such as water, sand and so on)and chemical flux(such as C, P, N and so on) are the links among each subsystem. The changes are also the most active factors in the fluvial environmental system. The fluvial environmental system model, centered on mountain-river-lake-sea interaction, mainly includes the theory about the input, the transform and output of energy flow and material flow among subsystem-mountain, river, lake and sea, the theory about the fluvial system evolving equilibrium and the theory about self-organization and self-feedback in the fiuvial system.