江汉湖区的开发及其环境效应

DEVELOPMENT OF JIANGHAN LAKE DISTRICT AND ENSUING ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

江汉湖区位于长江中游的湖北省东南部，是中国湖泊密集度最大的淡水湖群区，也是重要的农业生产基地。本文从历史的角度分析了江汉平原湖区的开发及其环境效应。江汉湖区全面开发始于南宋，至明清进入第一个高潮。从那时起，人类活动对湖区环境的影响越来越大，近年来尤为突出，主要表现为：１、砍伐森林，致使水土流失加重，河湖中的泥沙含量增加；２、围湖垦殖，导致湖泊萎缩，降低了其对洪水的调蓄能力，生态环境不断恶化；３、修筑堤防及其它水利设施，使得洪水位上升，同时改变了沉积方式及河湖地貌。总之，在开发湖区的同时，人类活动已经改变了河湖之间的关系，加速了湖群的萎缩，破坏了该区的生态环境。从而造成了一系列的环境问题，如洪涝灾害，湖泊沼泽化等，并且这些环境问题已日益严重，成为湖区进一步发展的阻碍因素。因而要实行江汉湖区的可持续发展,必须保护湖泊环境、协调好人地关系。

The Jianghan Lake District,where fresh water lakes occur in great density, is situated in the middle-south part of Hubei Province in the middle reaches of Changjiang River, and it is also an important agricultural base. This paper deals with the exploitation of these lakes and its environmental effects. The full-scale exploitation of this district started in Nan Song Dynasty. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, it reached the first peak. Since then human activities have exerted stronger and stronger influence on the environment,especially in recent years. The human activities mainly include:1.Deforestation, making the soil-water erosion worse and the content of silt in rivers and lakes increase. 2.Reclamation from lakes, leading to the shrinkage of the lakes, reducing their capacity for modulating flood and aggravating the eco-environmental condition 3.Construction of dikes and other projects, raises the flood water level, changes the way of deposit as well as the river-lake landscape. On the whole,human activities have changed the relationship between river and lake, quickened the shrinking of these lakes, damaged the eco-balance of this district and given rise to many environmental problems, such as flooding and swamping of lakes. These environmental problems have become more and more serious, and are bound to impede the further development of economy. In order to realize the sustainable development in this district, people should pay more attention to the lake conservation, and coordinate the relationship between lake resources and human activity.