岷江上游生态学现状及生物多样性保护

THE PRESENT CONDITIONS OF ECOLOGY AND BIO-DIVERSITY PROTECTION AT UPSTREAMS OF MINJIANG

岷江上游按行政区划包括汶川、茂汶、理县、黑水、松潘 5县 ,是羌族的集中分布区 ,藏、回兄弟民族聚居区 ,区内广漠的森林 ,本是岷江流域得天独厚的大自然保护屏障 ,然而这些林地多分布在高山峡谷坡面上 ,由于长期过伐 ,森林的蓄水保水性能降低 ,生物多样性遭到破坏 ,自然灾害频繁 ,泥石流、滑坡增加 ,荒漠化面积不断扩大。自 1 998年森林禁伐后 ,为该区生态恢复创造了良好的条件 ,在西部大开发中 ,区内的生态建设、生物多样性的保护和持续利用有了好的机遇 ,但仍是一项长期繁重的任务。

Administratively,the upstreams of Minjiang consists of 5 counties of Wenchuan,Maowen,Lixian,Heishui and Songpan where concentrate Qiang,Tibetan and Hui nationalities.The luxuriant forests in the region should have provided natural barrier of the upstreams of Minjiang,however,these woodlands are mostly distributed on the slopes of high mountains and deep gorges.The long term overcutting has greatly reduced the water storage and conservation capacity of these forests,damage of bio diversity,frequent occurrence of natural disasters,increase of debris flows and landslides,and constant expansion of desertified area.The rich forest,grassland,waterpower,mineral and tourist resources possess great potential economic strength which provided excellent conditions for the rehabilitation of ecology of the region after felling trees was forbidden in 1998.The campaign of developing the western regions provides opportunities for the ecological rehabilitation,protection and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in the region,but it still faces long arduous task.