埃利奥特与吉尔曼大学思想比较

The Comparison of Eliot and Gilman's Idea of University

埃利奥特和吉尔曼是美国十九世纪著名的高等教育思想家与实践家。埃利奥特成功引领哈佛由传统学院向现代大学转变,吉尔曼成功创建了美国第一所真正意义上的研究型大学——约翰·霍普金斯大学。这两位永载美国高等教育史册的伟大校长,生活在同一时代,有着相似的学习和教育实践经历,但性格迥异,交往密切,在工作中惺惺相惜,相互影响和扶持。两人在大学目标、大学功能、课程思想和大学管理等方面对高等教育的理解与认识存在众多异同。通过分析和比较,有助于我们深化对十九世纪中后期美国高等教育转型历史过程的认识。

Charles Eliot and Daniel Gilman are famous thinkers and practitioners of higher education in 19th century＇ s America. Eliot succeeded in leading Harvard transition from colonial college to modem university, and Gilman succeeded in establishing the first American real research university, Johns Hopkins University. This two famous university presidents who were inscrolled in American higher education history, lived in the same era, had the same study and education experience but different character. They had close contacts, sympathized and supported with each other at work, and their understanding about higher education had much sameness and difference. On the basis of the analysis of their personal life experience, this paper analyses and compares their university idea from the objective, the function, the curriculum and the administration of university, and also reflects the historical clue and skeleton of the American higher education transition in 19th century.