我国新时期农民生活与养老状况分析——基于安徽、北京两地的问卷调查

Farmers' Living and Old-age Security Status in Today's China:A Survey of Anhui and Beijing

通过问卷调查方式,从微观视角对安徽北部地区和北京郊县地区农民的生活与养老状况进行统计分析。总体上,目前农村老人空巢率居高不下,生活经济来源单一,收入偏低;日常生活方面,子女因婚后或外出打工看望父母次数较少,对父母关照不够。农民养老困难主要集中在生病或生活照料、精神慰藉等非经济赡养问题上;对于欠发达地区,生病费用和生活来源仍不容乐观。应该立足于不同地区农村现有的经济发展水平,将家庭养老、土地保障与社会养老三者有机结合起来,构建现代农村养老保障体系。

With questionnaire results, the paper analyzes the status of rural family support in northern Anhui and Beijing suburbs from a microscopic perspective, revealing similarities and differences of the farmers~ old-age security problems between the two regions. On the whole, the rural empty nest rate is high, and the economic sources of the aged are single and low. Because of their children＇s living separately after marriage or working away from home, the aged people are visited and cared less frequently in daily life. The farmers＇ pension difficulty mainly reflects itself in non-economic maintenance issues for the aged such as life care, sick care, and spiritual solace, while in some economically underdeveloped regions their medical expenditure and living costs are still rather stingy. The paper argues that based on the existing level of economic development from different rural areas, the family pension, land protection and social endowment should be effectively combined to construct a modern rural old-age security system.