民主化转型中的政府善治:不丹“国民幸福指数”的实践及其启示

Good Governance in Democratization Transition:Practice of “Gross Happiness Index” in Bhutan and Its Enlightenment

传统以国民生产总值为核心的经济衡量指标体系因为忽视了人们对于幸福的诉求,而引致社会发展不平衡。不丹以"国民幸福指数"作为民主化转型中政府善治的实践标准,是对传统考量方法的纠正和补充。文章考察了不丹以国民幸福为价值核心的政府实践,剖析了不丹国民幸福导向下的政策制定机制和政府改革机制,梳理了不丹政府的善治模式。对于我国政府来说,民主是实现国民幸福的基本保障,民生是实现国民幸福的核心内容,提升政府执行力是追求国民幸福的关键所在。

Traditional economical evaluation system with the core of Gross Domestic Product, which ig- nored people＇s pursuit for happiness, has led to unbalanced social development. However, governmental practice in Bhutan with the orientation of Gross Happiness Index, provides supplement and correction for traditional system. This article investigated government reform in Bhutan, systematically analyzed its poli- cy-making mechanism and government reform mechanism, and summarized the good governance mode in the country. Also, it is proposed that, as for the case with the Chinese government, democracy and people＇s livelihood are two basic guarantees for the realization of Gross National Happiness, and to promote gov- ernment＇s implementation is the key to the pursuit of Gross National Happiness.