外出务工人员的职业流动、能力形成和社会融合

Career Mobility,Ability Formation and Social Integration for Migrant Workers

从外出务工人员的流动轨迹可以发现,职业流动促进了其能力形成,这种能力对促进城市务工人员的社会融合是至关重要的。基于进城务工人员比较务实的职业定位与发展期望,本文运用湖北、河南3县的调研数据,对能力形成的影响因素进行了实证分析。分析发现:个体特征、家庭禀赋、流动特征对外出务工人员实现非农职业转换的能力形成影响显著;人力资本、社会资本和社会支持等职业上升的能力形成发挥更加重要的影响;不同代际进城务工人员在职业流动过程中的能力形成路径截然不同,新生代进城务工人员职业发展的能力形成更多是依赖正规教育或技能培训所形成的人力资本积累,而老一代进城务工人员职业发展的能力形成更多是传统手工业技能在城市的再运用。

It has been widely observed that career mobility promotes the formation of the ability for the migrant workers from the countryside in the non-farm career transition and career development, which is of crucial importance to promote social integration. By using the survey data of the three counties in Hubei and Henan Provinces, this paper presents an empirical study on the factors affecting the formation of the ability, and finds that：Individual characteristics, family endowments and flowing charaeteristics of rural residents affect the forming of ability to achieve the steady non-farm career transition significantly. Human capital, social capital and social support also play important roles in the forming of ability to gain career promotion. The new generation of migrant workers has a distinct path of the forming of ability from the older generation. Generally, the new generation of migrant accumulates their ability by depending on human capital in a larger extent, especially, through formal education or skills training, while the older generation depends more on usage of traditional handicraft skills in the city.