元朝书院教育盛况及其核心原因的人类学探析

On the Flourish of Academy Education in Yuan Dynasty and Its Core Reason from an Anthropological Perspective

元代的书院地域分布广,数量多,兴建者众,以致出现"书院之设,莫盛于元"、"南学北迁"的盛况,从而使得尽可能多的社会成员可以实现文化的习得,并可以使知识文化、学术思想在这一教育机构中薪火相传,实现文化的濡化。之所以会出现这样的盛况,与元代统治者积极推动本民族的封建化进程,努力贯彻"汉化"文教方针,并采取尽力保护、积极创办的书院政策分不开。这一书院政策服从和服务于‘汉化’文教方针,也是"汉化"文教方针得以顺利持续推行的制度保证。

Academies in Yuan Dynasty were distributed over So, Yuan dynasty had so many academies in the history that many places and built by lots of people. the south academies moved to the north. This phenomenon benefited people to learn as much as possible. All kinds of culture and thoughts are reserved and developed in the academies. For the flourish there are two reasons that the rulers of Yuan Dynasty actively promoted the nation ＂s feudalization, endeavored to carry out the ＂ localization＂ education policy, protect and establish academies. This positive policy serves for the ＂ localization＂ edu- cational policy , and it is also the system guarantee for the ＂ localization＂ educational policy to be carried out smoothly.