怀化市2005-2011年法定传染病流行趋势分析

Huaihua City,2005-2011 Legal Infectious Disease Epidemic Trend Analysis

目的:分析怀化市2005-2011年传染病的发病趋势,了解本地法定传染病的特点及影响因素。方法:采用描述性流行病学方法对怀化市2005-2011年的法定报告传染病资料进行统计分析。结果:怀化市2005-2011年,年均报告发病率为368.35/10万,报告死亡430例,年均病死率为3.7‰。从职业构成显示,位居前五位的分别是农民、散居儿童、学生、工人、离退人员,散居儿童的发病率呈逐年上升趋势。0～14岁年龄段发病率逐年上升。主要传染病病种为肺结核、乙肝、其他感染性腹泻病、手足口病、流行性腮腺炎。发病人数呈逐年上升趋势。男性发病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血源及性传播传染病发病率逐年上升。结论:近七年怀化市法定传染病的流行特点已发生了显著的变化,由之前的以呼吸道传染病为主变为以血源及性传播传染病为主,男性患者的发病率明显偏高,未成年人的发病率呈上升趋势。因此,应加强对血液及性传播传染病的预防和控制,通过开展大规模的健康教育,提高全民对传染病的认识,才能降低其发病率。今后传染病防控重点在加强辖区主要高发传染病的同时,要做好新发传染病的管理和防控。

Objective:To analysis of Huaihua city,2005-2011 the incidence of infectious disease trends,understand the characteristics and influencing factors of local statutory infectious diseases.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological methods for statistical analysis of notifiable infectious disease information in Huaihua city,2005-2011.Results:Huaihua city,2005-2011,the average annual reported incidence rate of 368.35/10 million,reporting 430 cases of deaths, with an average annual mortality rate was 3.7‰. From the professional composition show that top five were farmers,scattered children,students,workers, the retired workers personnel,scattered the incidence of children increasing year by year,from points age infection situation shows that the incidence of 0-14 years old is rising year by year. The main diseases of infectious diseases for tuberculosis,hepatitis b,other infectious diarrhea disease,hand,foot and mouth disease,epidemic mumps. The number of the increasing year by year,particularly in 2010 and 2011. Males more than females,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the blood source and sexually transmitted infection incidence of a disease is rising year by year,with significant difference,there is statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion:nearly seven years of legal infectious disease,huaihua city,the popular characteristic has changed dramatically,from before the respiratory infections to give priority to become blood source and sexually transmitted infection is given priority to,the incidence of male patients obviously on the high side,the incidence of minors shows ascendant trend. Therefore,we should strengthen the blood and sexually transmitted infection prevention and control, through the development of the scale of the health education,and to improve the understanding of the infectious diseases,can reduce the incidence of a disease. Infectious disease control and prevention in the future focus on strengthening the main area high incidence of infectious diseases at the same time,to make new hair infectious disease management and prevention and control.