视点原理下的复合句时态研究

Tense in Complex Sentence:Rule of Perspective

日语从句的时态形式基本上都是由主句时态形式所决定,或者受到主句时态形式的某种影响。尽管如此,从句中出现‘タ'形的话,主句不管使用‘ル'形还是‘タ'形,从句动作都在主句动作之前,或者至少是与主句动作同时发生。从这个视角,严格的区分究竟由主句确定还是由动作发生时间来确定这一问题,目前还没有明确的原则。本文将在前人研究基础上,就日语从句时态选择中起决定作用的"说话时间标准"与"主句时态标准"这一课题做试探性研究。

The tense of a subordinate clause is determined by the tense of the main clause or influenced by the tense of the main clause. Nevertheless, if there is the form of＂TA＂ in the subordinate clause, the act in the subordinate clause is done before that in the main clause, or at least at the same time, whether ＂RU＂ or ＂TA＂ is used in the main clause. So there is no clear-cut rule for the determination of tense of a subordinate clause from such a perspective. This paper explores the study of two standards-the standard of talking time and the standard of tense in the main clause-which are crucial to determine the selection of tense in a Japanese subordinate clause.