超越审美静观主义:一个现代美育的视角

To Transcend Aesthetic Contemplation: A Perspective of Modern Aesthetic Education

审美静观主义是与近代美学、美育相伴生的一种思想方式与取向,其主要表现,是将审美活动看做主体区隔于客体而对客体表象所作的静态、自足的观照,并以此"理想"机制为目标建立美学体系、规划美育方案。但事实上,审美活动是一个由肉体全面参与的、由各种感官的主动贯通导致精神状态发生积极变化的过程,而并不仅仅限于理想状态下以单纯的感官为被动接收端口的静态的心理认知。如果我们能够在美育的过程中充分利用、开发、实现艺术与人的生命体之间的密切的动态交互作用,那么,人的生命力或将得到重新焕发,科技对文化生活的压制或将得到缓解甚至转变。这就是超越审美静观主义在现代美育实践中的重要意义。充分开发某种艺术所具备的所有特性,让学生身心的各个层面获得积极贯通和协调发展,全面焕发其生命活力,应是当下美育实践的一个重要改革方向。

Aesthetic contemplation is a mode and orientation of thinking that comes into being along with modern aesthetics and aesthetic education. It is manifested mainly in its insistence on seeing aesthetic activities as static and self-sufficient con- templation of the object by the subject that is separate from the object and building an aesthetic system and mapping out an aesthetic education program based on this ＂ideal＂ mechanism. But aesthetic activities are in fact a process in which the hu- man body fully participates and the various senses work in unison to bring about positive changes in the human spirit, rather than a static psychological cognition in ideal conditions in which the senses are nothing more than passive receptacles. If dur- ing the process of aesthetic education we can fully exploit, develop and realize a close and dynamic interaction between art and man alive, then the human life force will be rejuvenated and the oppression of cultural life by science will be assuaged. Herein lies the great significance of transcending aesthetic contemplation in the practice of modern aesthetic education. Therefore one important direction of reform in current aesthetic education practice should be how to tap all the characteristics of an art and make it possible for every aspect of the student＇s body and soul to work in interplay and coordinated develop- ment, thus bringing his life force into full blossom.