商品粮产区农户粮食生产资源利用效率研究

Resource Utilization Efficiency Across Commodity Grain Producing Areas

在城市化进程不断加快的背景下,商品粮产区粮食生产资源利用效率如何直接关系着国家粮食安全。本文应用层次分析法、因子分析法和聚类分析法,以2800个粮农成本数据为基础,选择商品粮产区山东省作为研究的样本,构建了包括三层指标的评价体系,具体分析了商品粮产区农户粮食生产资源利用效率(包括资源规模、要素生产力、粮食安全和耕地环境)及其区域分异特征。研究结果表明,一些经济较发达的商品粮产区的农户粮食生产资源利用效率反而较低,这就直接影响着粮食商品率进而制约着国家粮食安全。研究的政策指向是:新时期中央政府在加大补贴力度的同时将有限的粮补资金全部投向商品粮产区,这将有利于在粮食收益相对下降的情况下进一步激励商品粮产区粮农生产的积极性和机械化规模化生产、采用科技手段提高要素生产力、普及良种、保护性耕作和科学施用化肥农药,同时还可以提高补贴效率,使国家粮食安全恒久、稳定。

Commodity grain producing areas are important to national food security and Chinese farmland is approaching the red line of 120 ×106ha because of rapid urbanization. A study of farmer grain production resource utilization efficiency is of strategic significance to ensure national food safety. Shandong province is one of China＇s main grain production areas with total grain output of 442.63 ×109kg in 2011, making it third in the country. Here, we used analytic hierarchy processes, factor analysis and cluster analysis based on 2008 cost data from farmers in Shandong to analyze farmer grain production resource utilization efficiency and its regional distribution. Factor analysis results show that the main restricting factors for farmer grain production resource utilization efficiency were technical innovation, the degree of mechanization, the strength of chemical fertilizers and the ratio of capital output. We regarded these factors generally as the food production scale, and progress in science and technology. We found that farmer grain production resource utilization efficiency is lower in some of the more developed commodity grain producing areas; this directly affects the rate of food commodities and thus restricts national food security. To some extent this means that increasing regional economic development levels and technical progress does not promote increasing grain production scientifically and the sustainable use of scarce resources and cultivated land. Therefore, the central government should increase the strength of allowances and direct limited subsidies capital into all commodity grain-producing areas. This will inspire production through mechanization and large-scale production, popularize fine varieties, promote conservation tillage and the scientific application of fertilizers and pesticides, to ensure national food security.