碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的力学和物理性能

Mechanical and physical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites

采用磁力搅拌与放电等离子烧结技术制备了碳纳米管(CNT)增强铝基复合材料.对试样进行了扫描电镜和透射电镜表征,测试了试样的力学性能、摩擦性能、电学性能和热学性能.当碳纳米管在试样中的质量分数为1%时,可在铝基体中均匀分布且CNT/Al界面结合良好,此时试样的抗拉强度和硬度较纯A1分别提高了29.4%和15.8%.在获得最佳力学性能强化和最佳减磨效果的同时.试样电导率较纯Al仅降低8.0%.碳纳米管可提高基体的热导率.但强化效果不明显.

Carbon nanotubes/aluminum （CNT/Al） composites were prepared by magnetic stirring in combination with spark plasma sintering. Their microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Experiments were performed to investigate the inechanical properties, friction and wear character- istics, electric conductivity and thermal conductivity of CNT-free and CNT-added specimens. It is found that when the mass fraction of CNTs is 1%, CNTs can uniformly disperse within the Al matrix and interracial bonding at the CNT/Al interface is strong. In comparison with the unreintbrced Al specimen, the tensile strength and hardness of the CNT/Al composites increase by 29.4% and 15.8%, respectively. When the CNT/Al composites achieve the optimal mechanical enhancement and antifriction effect, their electrical conductivity only decreases by 8.0% compared with pure Al. The thermal conductivity of pure A1 could be enhanced with the incorporation of CNTs, but this enhancement effect is not obvious.