制造业企业对劳动力市场变化的反应:基于微观数据的观察

The Responsiveness of Firms to Labor Market Changes: Observation Based on Micro-Level Survey

本文利用金融危机前后中国制造业企业调查数据,考察了企业对劳动力成本冲击和金融危机造成的需求冲击的反应。根据劳动力需求函数,估计结果表明,制造业企业的劳动力需求产出弹性值较高,达到0.75—0.78。对低技能工人的需求工资弹性为-0.40,对高技能工人的需求工资弹性为-0.53。而且,不同类型工人之间的替代弹性为0.26。经验分析表明,企业已经对要素价格信号的变化产生反应。在未来,如果能够保持劳动力市场灵活性,确保不同类型的企业有公平的竞争环境,要素市场的变化就有可能推动中国经济实现转型和升级。

Taking advantage of firm survey data conducted during the period of global financial crisis, this paper observes the manufacturing firms＇ response to the shock on labor costs and demand. According to the estimated results on labor demand function, the firms have quite high value of output elasticity around 0. 75 to 0.78. The own-wage demand elasticity is -0.40 for unskilled workers and - 0. 53 for skilled workers while the substitution elasticity between the two types of workers is 0. 26. The empirical results indicate that the manufacturing firms are quite responsive to labor costs. In the future, if the policies aiming to maintaining flexible labor market and competitive market for all types of firms, the changes in production factor market will push the economic transformation and upgrading in China.