黄土高原土地沙漠化成因机制及其治理模式的研究

Research of Causes and Control Patterns on Land Desertification in Loess Plateau

土地沙漠化是一个渐进的过程,但其危害及其产生的灾害却是持久和深远的。它不仅对当代人产生影响,而且还将祸及子孙。据专家测算,中国每年因土地沙化造成的直接经济损失高达540亿元,直接或间接影响近4亿人口的生存、生产和生活。土地沙漠化不仅恶化生态环境,衰退土地生产力,威胁江河安全,而且加剧沙区贫困。本文以系统论和生态经济学为指导,在介绍了黄土高原土地沙漠化的基本概况、特征及危害的基础上,从地表沙源、气候、风沙灾害、水资源和土地利用、开发建设等方面,分析了黄土高原沙漠化的成因;结合黄土高原地区多年来沙漠化治理的经验,提出了生态建设治理、植物、工程、化学治理、沙产业主导、依托线状工程4种沙漠化治理模式。

Though the land desertification is a gradual process, but its hazards and disasters have lasting and far reaching. Not only did it have an impact on contemporary people, but also on penalise children. According to estimating of experts, the direct economic loss reaches to $7.87 billion every year as a result of land desertification. Also, the survival, production and daily life of nearly 400 million people are all affected by land desertification, directly or indirectly. Land desertification not only worsening the ecological environment, declining land productivity, threatening the safe of river, but also intensify poverty of the sandy areas. Using the system theory and ecological economics as a guide, on the basis of introducing a basic overview of the Loess Plateau land desertification, the characteristics as well as the harm of land desertification, analyzing the causes of Loess Plateau desertification though the following aspects, sources of surface sand, climates, disasters of wind and sand, water resources, land uses, developments and constructions, and combined control experience of Loess Plateau desertification over the years, the paper proposes four desertification control modes, including ecological governance, plant, engineering and chemical governance, sand industry-leading, and relying on the linear engineering.